Solana
—
measured from payments
The median of every payment the chain made, before commission.
Excludes MEV, which Jito distributes outside the protocol.
not yet indexed
Staking
What staking actually paid
Three chains, measured three different ways — because they publish three different things. Each figure says how it was arrived at, what it leaves out, and how far apart the validators inside it are: the parts most staking pages average away.
The three rates
bars share one 0–3% scale
BSC
—
measured from ledgers
The median validator's own StakeCredit ledger, after commission.
Excludes MEV.
0 validators · 0 BNB pooled
Ethereum
2.55%
computed from the spec
Consensus issuance, a closed form in the total active balance.
Excludes execution-layer tips and MEV, frequently the larger half.
902,651 validators · 42M ETH staked
The bars share a scale so the sizes are comparable; the figures are not. They are different assets, and they cover different things — which is what the table below sets out rather than leaving to a footnote.
What each figure actually covers
Four questions, asked of all three. Every row a reader has to answer for themselves is a row where two rates get compared as though they meant the same thing.
| Question | Solana | BSC | Ethereum |
|---|---|---|---|
| How it is arrived at | The median of every payment the chain made, before commission. | The median validator's own StakeCredit ledger, after commission. | Consensus issuance, a closed form in the total active balance. |
| Commission | Before commission — a delegator receives what is left after their validator's cut. | After commission — the ledger records what reached the delegators' pool. | No commission exists at the protocol level; a staking service takes its own. |
| Checked against | Inflation × supply ÷ total stake, computed independently, agrees. | Nothing. The chain issues nothing for staking, so there is no protocol rate. | It is the specification, so there is nothing to check it against. |
| Not included | MEV, which Jito distributes outside the protocol. | MEV. | Execution-layer tips and MEV, frequently the larger half. |
Which validator you pick moves it more than which chain
The headline rate is what the network pays. What a delegator receives depends on the validator, and on two chains here that span is wide enough to swamp the difference between the chains themselves.
Solana
—for every validator
0.00%0.00% median0.00%
BSC
—for every validator
0.00%0.00% median0.00%
Ethereum
2.55%for every validator
2.55%2.55% median2.55%
The same rate for every validator. Issuance is a function of the total active balance alone, and per-validator earnings arrive as balance changes the chain does not report.
Getting in, and getting out
A rate is only half the question. The other half is how long capital is committed before it earns, and how long it takes to leave — which each chain answers in a completely different unit.
A queue, measured in validators
- Waiting to activate
- 37
- 1,184 ETH
- Estimated wait
- 30 min
- 256 ETH may enter per epoch
- Exiting
- 69
- validators leaving the active set
Entry and exit are rate-limited by a churn limit that scales with the size of the validator set, so the wait is a property of how many others are moving at the same time.
An epoch, roughly two days
Not yet indexed.
Stake activates and deactivates at an epoch boundary, so the wait is bounded by the epoch rather than by a queue. Rewards land in the stake account itself, which is why they are not reported per delegator.
An election, every day
- Validators
- 0
- 0 currently elected
- Jailed
- 0
- removed from block production
- Window
- 7d
- of ledger history behind each rate
Only elected validators produce blocks and therefore earn fees. An operator outside the elected set holds stake that earns nothing that day, which is a risk no annualised rate can express.
What a stake would earn
At the rates above, if they held. They will not hold exactly: Ethereum’s falls as more ETH is staked, BNB Smart Chain’s follows how busy the chain is, and Solana’s follows an inflation schedule that steps down every year.
At the rate we measured
2.55% on Ethereum
- A year
- 25.87ETH
- A month
- 2.16ETH
- A day
- 0.0708ETH
Consensus issuance, a closed form in the total active balance. Leaving rewards staked compounds 82,181 times a year, which turns 2.55% into 2.59%.
Shown in ETH rather than a currency. Converting would need a price feed — a third party asserting a number this platform cannot check — on a page whose whole argument is that every figure is traceable. Rates change, so this is what the measured rate would pay if it held, not a forecast that it will.
Where the stake already is
Delegating to the largest validator is the safest-feeling choice and the one that concentrates the chain. These are the sets the yields above are earned in.
Ethereum
7withdrawal addresses hold a third
a third
The top ten hold 35.6% of the stake between them, out of 41,913 withdrawal addresses.
Why three methods and not one
Divided back out
Solana reports what it paid each validator’s vote account, which is that validator’s commission rather than its delegators’ rewards. Dividing the commission back out recovers what the delegators earned — except where the commission is zero, and roughly half of them charge zero, so those rows say “derived”.
Read from the ledger
Each BNB Smart Chain validator’s StakeCredit contract keeps a daily record of what reached the delegators’ pool, commission already taken. Nothing has to be recovered, so every rate here is measured directly — and there is no protocol rate to check it against, because the chain issues nothing for staking.
Computed exactly
Ethereum reports no per-validator reward at all: earnings arrive as balance changes. What it does give is a closed form — issuance is a function of the total active balance alone — so the network rate is exact and there is deliberately no leaderboard beneath it.
What none of them include
MEV. On every chain here, some validators earn more than the protocol pays them — through Jito on Solana, through block building on Ethereum — and none of it passes through the accounting any of these figures are read from.
It could be estimated. Estimating it is exactly what this platform does not do: a number that cannot be traced to an observation does not belong beside numbers that can, however much it would improve the totals. Full methodology