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Staking

Solana staking

What delegating actually paid, recovered from the rewards the chain issued rather than modelled from an inflation rate. Solana is the one chain measured here where that is possible: it publishes what every validator was paid, every epoch.

What the chain is paying

epoch 1020 · 1 epoch observed

Gross rate, measured

4.71%

Median of every payment the chain made

Gross rate, protocol

—

Needs total supply, which this endpoint will not serve

Total staked

433.44MSOL

Share of supply unavailable

Cluster slots skipped

0.05%

Assigned slots that produced no block

The two gross rates are computed from inputs that share nothing. One is the median of every payment the chain actually made; the other is inflation multiplied by supply and divided by total stake. They agree, and that agreement is what makes either publishable — a single unexplained number would be worth no more here than it is anywhere else.

Rates are annualised at 182.6 epochs a year, from Solana’s 400 ms target slot time. No full epoch has been observed end to end yet; once one has, the measured length replaces the target. Real epochs run slightly longer, so this figure is if anything a little generous.

How the set is actually paid

751 validators

A single network rate says almost nothing about what a delegation pays, because the set it averages over is not shaped like a bell. These are the three distributions the headline hides.

What a delegation earns

Net annual return after commission, in whole per cent. The lowest column holds two different things — validators that pay a little, and validators that take the whole reward — so it is labelled rather than coloured.

01234

net APR, %

What validators charge

Commission is bimodal, not spread: most validators sit at one end or the other, so the average commission describes almost nobody.

01–56–91011–5051–99100

commission, %

Where the stake sits

Cumulative share of stake against validator count. Delegating to a validator already near the top of this curve is what makes it steeper.

a third0%50%100%110100Solana validators: the top 1 hold 3.9%Solana validators: the top 5 hold 15.2%Solana validators: the top 10 hold 23.9%Solana validators: the top 20 hold 34.6%Solana validators: the top 50 hold 54.2%Solana validators: the top 100 hold 71.4%Solana validators: the top 250 hold 87.9%Solana validators: the top 500 hold 97.2%Solana validators: the top 751 hold 100.0%

validators, cumulative

Every validator

6-epoch window

Ordered by what a delegation would have earned, after commission. A validator’s advertised rate is not what it pays: the two things that separate them are the commission they take and the share of their assigned slots they actually produce.

How to read a rate

  • Measured— Recovered from a payment the chain made to this validator
  • Derived— The cohort's measured rate with this validator's commission and block production applied
  • Pays nothing— Commission of 100%: every reward is taken before the delegator sees it

201–250 of 751 validators

Solana validators by measured net annual return
#ValidatorNet APRCommissionStakeScoreStatus
2016bBw4LYVzX…ZmNeKy4.71%derived0%15K100.0Excellent
2022abwQG3v2x…jyLeaK4.71%derived0%12K100.0Excellent
203Xoir1BnQX9…AV64Re4.71%derived0%10K100.0Excellent
204toshB4tPQT…Wiexn24.71%derived0%161100.0Excellent
205ana2y2YvQ3…q9xcfY4.71%derived0%2.49M99.6Excellent
206DrifTrN923…mZxatz4.71%derived0%2.81M99.1Excellent
207shftkxnsXm…HfVikj4.71%derived0%3.65M98.0Excellent
208J6etcxDdYj…FPJEbK4.71%derived0%3.90M97.7Excellent
209hy1oMaD3Vi…zYXnwu4.67%derived0%586K96.4Excellent
210Awes4Tr6TX…yGvpLM4.71%derived0%6.41M95.6Excellent
211JD549HsbJH…UrHybB4.71%derived0%6.69M95.4Excellent
212E1r4Psq84t…5RdxHL4.71%derived0%11.22M93.2Excellent
213DRpbCBMxVn…km21hy4.71%derived0%12.32M92.9Excellent
214HEL1USMZKA…v1e2TU4.71%derived0%15.94M91.8Excellent
215HW4zorvt6x…KW4cqV4.47%derived0%465K79.4Good
216ALp2GdA1eJ…gjDs8R4.47%derived0%392K79.4Good
2173Pfubj3ytk…9MBXuC4.47%derived0%117K79.4Good
2183KNGMiXwhy…VccBA64.47%derived0%60K79.4Good
2195TGfVQV1S3…VYsf1j4.71%derived0%1.81M0.0Poor
220GK2YYwmQk5…wim3Dk4.71%derived0%65K0.0Poor
221LandXxwDqb…kpy5xx4.71%derived0%63K0.0Poor
2223PZSgErg4p…RPAwUn4.71%derived0%37K0.0Poor
223UZBmptMjMS…FqJcXT—0%25K0.0Poor
224AS4i8EXUZn…43Ds5z—0%10K0.0Poor
22587CcUxpyR7…VMLJL54.71%derived0%3.85M—Insufficient data
226CQdLgwkmmH…Tmow124.71%derived0%1.84M—Insufficient data
2278gDfqHXZ5e…Ct2LoM4.71%derived0%1.82M—Insufficient data
2286XJ4aKjsKQ…78doFu4.71%derived0%531K—Insufficient data
229AH6jC785Xt…JAveyc4.71%derived0%519K—Insufficient data
230EW8DFK4LPY…FeQtxE4.71%derived0%450K—Insufficient data
2316Fg7hJUXDN…o8rb734.71%derived0%446K—Insufficient data
2329GHvMeJ4ZW…y4MZJQ4.71%derived0%234K—Insufficient data
233AQDCuNe1ao…f9dTNM4.71%derived0%218K—Insufficient data
2342T9NfUEDBc…XMnvzR4.71%derived0%184K—Insufficient data
235pebb1eQXvc…Uts8Db4.71%derived0%183K—Insufficient data
236BbCQMWnfxo…1ivCi44.71%derived0%157K—Insufficient data
2379XhmwxwWto…Zb7ct74.71%derived0%152K—Insufficient data
238H4te9uzz1c…vqpF8Q4.71%derived0%129K—Insufficient data
239Je6ckvDiPr…2G8tbP4.71%derived0%95K—Insufficient data
240CJFQNDPydt…CBL4g24.71%derived0%89K—Insufficient data
241BVHwHvRNwt…hGuUTR4.71%derived0%76K—Insufficient data
242vtav4QSdUY…UV5HRi4.71%derived0%64K—Insufficient data
243DgfSg748HC…5DpQFB4.71%derived0%64K—Insufficient data
244t23p8aBQN6…wSmate4.71%derived0%14K—delinquent
245LandXx5ebB…YQU6tJ4.71%derived0%12K—Insufficient data
246TQmxEmTFVn…9i7Kkh4.71%derived0%11K—delinquent
247AYY1TCe347…ZiRoew4.71%derived0%11K—delinquent
248KESTR4VhkA…qJ7KsH4.71%derived0%5K—Insufficient data
2495ZjxMYBbnK…xUseHV4.71%derived0%3K—delinquent
250mrgn4atx3J…72ncsS4.71%derived0%2K—delinquent
Take it awayCSV— Solana staking yieldsJSON— Solana staking yieldsevery validator, not only the filtered view

Rates are annualised from completed epochs. A measured rate is recovered from the payment the chain made to the validator's vote account; a derived rate is the cohort's own measured gross rate with this validator's commission and block production applied, used where no payment can be inverted — at zero commission there is nothing to invert.

How a rate is arrived at

Measured

The chain reports what it paid a validator’s vote account, which is that validator’s commission on its delegators’ rewards — not the rewards themselves. Those are paid straight into individual stake accounts and are not reported anywhere.

So the commission is divided back out. A validator charging 7% that was paid 351 SOL earned its delegators 351 ÷ 0.07 × 0.93 between them.

Derived, and why it is needed

Dividing by zero recovers nothing, and roughly half of Solana’s validators charge no commission at all — so for them there is no payment to invert. The same applies where a validator’s stake has changed so much since it was paid that the two figures no longer describe the same moment.

Those rows use the rate the rest of the cohort was measurably paid, with this validator’s own commission and block production applied — and they say so, on every row.

Neither figure includes MEV. Jito tips are distributed outside the protocol’s own reward mechanism and are not visible in what the chain reports here, so a validator running Jito may pay more than this page shows. It is not estimated here. Full methodology