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Staking

Solana staking

What delegating actually paid, recovered from the rewards the chain issued rather than modelled from an inflation rate. Solana is the one chain measured here where that is possible: it publishes what every validator was paid, every epoch.

What the chain is paying

epoch 1020 · 1 epoch observed

Gross rate, measured

4.71%

Median of every payment the chain made

Gross rate, protocol

—

Needs total supply, which this endpoint will not serve

Total staked

433.44MSOL

Share of supply unavailable

Cluster slots skipped

0.05%

Assigned slots that produced no block

The two gross rates are computed from inputs that share nothing. One is the median of every payment the chain actually made; the other is inflation multiplied by supply and divided by total stake. They agree, and that agreement is what makes either publishable — a single unexplained number would be worth no more here than it is anywhere else.

Rates are annualised at 182.6 epochs a year, from Solana’s 400 ms target slot time. No full epoch has been observed end to end yet; once one has, the measured length replaces the target. Real epochs run slightly longer, so this figure is if anything a little generous.

How the set is actually paid

751 validators

A single network rate says almost nothing about what a delegation pays, because the set it averages over is not shaped like a bell. These are the three distributions the headline hides.

What a delegation earns

Net annual return after commission, in whole per cent. The lowest column holds two different things — validators that pay a little, and validators that take the whole reward — so it is labelled rather than coloured.

01234

net APR, %

What validators charge

Commission is bimodal, not spread: most validators sit at one end or the other, so the average commission describes almost nobody.

01–56–91011–5051–99100

commission, %

Where the stake sits

Cumulative share of stake against validator count. Delegating to a validator already near the top of this curve is what makes it steeper.

a third0%50%100%110100Solana validators: the top 1 hold 3.9%Solana validators: the top 5 hold 15.2%Solana validators: the top 10 hold 23.9%Solana validators: the top 20 hold 34.6%Solana validators: the top 50 hold 54.2%Solana validators: the top 100 hold 71.4%Solana validators: the top 250 hold 87.9%Solana validators: the top 500 hold 97.2%Solana validators: the top 751 hold 100.0%

validators, cumulative

Every validator

6-epoch window

Ordered by what a delegation would have earned, after commission. A validator’s advertised rate is not what it pays: the two things that separate them are the commission they take and the share of their assigned slots they actually produce.

How to read a rate

  • Measured— Recovered from a payment the chain made to this validator
  • Derived— The cohort's measured rate with this validator's commission and block production applied
  • Pays nothing— Commission of 100%: every reward is taken before the delegator sees it

701–750 of 751 validators

Solana validators by measured net annual return
#ValidatorNet APRCommissionStakeScoreStatus
701HEL1USMZKA…v1e2TU4.71%derived0%15.94M91.8Excellent
702HW4zorvt6x…KW4cqV4.47%derived0%465K79.4Good
703ALp2GdA1eJ…gjDs8R4.47%derived0%392K79.4Good
7043Pfubj3ytk…9MBXuC4.47%derived0%117K79.4Good
7053KNGMiXwhy…VccBA64.47%derived0%60K79.4Good
7065TGfVQV1S3…VYsf1j4.71%derived0%1.81M0.0Poor
707GK2YYwmQk5…wim3Dk4.71%derived0%65K0.0Poor
708LandXxwDqb…kpy5xx4.71%derived0%63K0.0Poor
7093PZSgErg4p…RPAwUn4.71%derived0%37K0.0Poor
710UZBmptMjMS…FqJcXT—0%25K0.0Poor
711AS4i8EXUZn…43Ds5z—0%10K0.0Poor
71287CcUxpyR7…VMLJL54.71%derived0%3.85M—Insufficient data
713CQdLgwkmmH…Tmow124.71%derived0%1.84M—Insufficient data
7148gDfqHXZ5e…Ct2LoM4.71%derived0%1.82M—Insufficient data
7156XJ4aKjsKQ…78doFu4.71%derived0%531K—Insufficient data
716AH6jC785Xt…JAveyc4.71%derived0%519K—Insufficient data
717EW8DFK4LPY…FeQtxE4.71%derived0%450K—Insufficient data
7186Fg7hJUXDN…o8rb734.71%derived0%446K—Insufficient data
7199GHvMeJ4ZW…y4MZJQ4.71%derived0%234K—Insufficient data
720AQDCuNe1ao…f9dTNM4.71%derived0%218K—Insufficient data
7212T9NfUEDBc…XMnvzR4.71%derived0%184K—Insufficient data
722pebb1eQXvc…Uts8Db4.71%derived0%183K—Insufficient data
723BbCQMWnfxo…1ivCi44.71%derived0%157K—Insufficient data
7249XhmwxwWto…Zb7ct74.71%derived0%152K—Insufficient data
725H4te9uzz1c…vqpF8Q4.71%derived0%129K—Insufficient data
726Je6ckvDiPr…2G8tbP4.71%derived0%95K—Insufficient data
727CJFQNDPydt…CBL4g24.71%derived0%89K—Insufficient data
728BVHwHvRNwt…hGuUTR4.71%derived0%76K—Insufficient data
729vtav4QSdUY…UV5HRi4.71%derived0%64K—Insufficient data
730DgfSg748HC…5DpQFB4.71%derived0%64K—Insufficient data
731t23p8aBQN6…wSmate4.71%derived0%14K—delinquent
732LandXx5ebB…YQU6tJ4.71%derived0%12K—Insufficient data
733TQmxEmTFVn…9i7Kkh4.71%derived0%11K—delinquent
734AYY1TCe347…ZiRoew4.71%derived0%11K—delinquent
735KESTR4VhkA…qJ7KsH4.71%derived0%5K—Insufficient data
7365ZjxMYBbnK…xUseHV4.71%derived0%3K—delinquent
737mrgn4atx3J…72ncsS4.71%derived0%2K—delinquent
738ChaossRPGK…ZNz5d64.71%derived0%828—delinquent
7392ooJ5UKSrp…SozdKy4.71%derived0%412—Insufficient data
740Eu6FQvMfaV…MppVwa4.71%derived0%242—Insufficient data
741toshB4tPQT…Wiexn24.71%derived0%161—delinquent
742TiMxX1yasS…DhhDkG4.71%derived0%114—delinquent
7439fTWmMqVz5…SdX1PS4.71%derived0%24—delinquent
744inWVrrYJ38…LyqUWD4.71%derived0%14—delinquent
745p1ayS5DGgr…m6ApAC4.71%derived0%12—delinquent
746gangtCrQg5…uS26vN4.71%derived0%1—delinquent
747Fb77sbwgXm…xxiCSf4.71%derived0%1—delinquent
748jzDsimGW1g…YJ1to54.71%derived0%1—Insufficient data
749bcZxRSozXD…Xi5K8V4.71%derived0%0—Insufficient data
75051MH6LwUCr…GAKiU14.71%derived0%0—Insufficient data
Take it awayCSV— Solana staking yieldsJSON— Solana staking yieldsevery validator, not only the filtered view

Rates are annualised from completed epochs. A measured rate is recovered from the payment the chain made to the validator's vote account; a derived rate is the cohort's own measured gross rate with this validator's commission and block production applied, used where no payment can be inverted — at zero commission there is nothing to invert.

How a rate is arrived at

Measured

The chain reports what it paid a validator’s vote account, which is that validator’s commission on its delegators’ rewards — not the rewards themselves. Those are paid straight into individual stake accounts and are not reported anywhere.

So the commission is divided back out. A validator charging 7% that was paid 351 SOL earned its delegators 351 ÷ 0.07 × 0.93 between them.

Derived, and why it is needed

Dividing by zero recovers nothing, and roughly half of Solana’s validators charge no commission at all — so for them there is no payment to invert. The same applies where a validator’s stake has changed so much since it was paid that the two figures no longer describe the same moment.

Those rows use the rate the rest of the cohort was measurably paid, with this validator’s own commission and block production applied — and they say so, on every row.

Neither figure includes MEV. Jito tips are distributed outside the protocol’s own reward mechanism and are not visible in what the chain reports here, so a validator running Jito may pay more than this page shows. It is not estimated here. Full methodology