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Network

Network map

Where each chain's infrastructure is routed. A map of hosting, not of people: every point is an approximate location for an IP address, which is almost always a datacentre. Two kinds of point — validators where the chain publishes an address per identity, and peer-to-peer nodes where it does not.

Located

54

peer-to-peer nodes with a resolved address

Countries

7

distinct countries

Networks

6

distinct hosting networks

Unresolved

0

advertised an address we could not locate

54 of 54 located points

Each point is the approximate location of a network address, usually its hosting provider's datacentre. It is not the location of an operator, and an address that could not be resolved is absent rather than placed at a country centroid. Two kinds of point. A validator point is keyed by validator identity and exists only where the chain publishes an address per validator, which of these three only Solana does. A node point is a member of the peer-to-peer network, met by walking that network's own discovery protocol; it says where the network is hosted and nothing about who operates it or what it validates. A node count is what a bounded walk met, not the size of the network — discovery has no completion condition.

53 indexed validators publish no network address through any source measured here, so they cannot appear on this map at all. That is a property of those chains rather than a gap in resolution.

Countries

top 7 of 7

7 countries

Country concentration among located validators
#CountryValidatorsShare
1 (1st)US2037.0%
7SG11.9%
6KR11.9%
4JP1018.5%
2 (2nd)IE1120.4%
5GB11.9%
3 (3rd)DE1018.5%

Hosting networks

top 6 of 6

Concentration here is the interesting figure. A validator set spread across many countries but hosted by three companies is centralised in the way that matters for correlated failure.

6 networks

Network concentration among located validators
#NetworkValidatorsShare
1 (1st)TeraSwitch Networks Inc.3361.1%
2 (2nd)Amazon.com, Inc.1018.5%
3 (3rd)Allnodes Inc713.0%
4Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company Limited23.7%
5Hetzner Online GmbH11.9%
6The Constant Company, LLC11.9%

IP geolocation by DB-IP (https://db-ip.com), CC-BY 4.0