Network map

Each point is the approximate location of a network address, usually its hosting provider's datacentre. It is not the location of an operator, and an address that could not be resolved is absent rather than placed at a country centroid. Two kinds of point. A validator point is keyed by validator identity and exists only where the chain publishes an address per validator, which of these three only Solana does. A node point is a member of the peer-to-peer network, met by walking that network's own discovery protocol; it says where the network is hosted and nothing about who operates it or what it validates. A node count is what a bounded walk met, not the size of the network — discovery has no completion condition.

19 indexed validators publish no network address through any source measured here, so they cannot appear on this map at all. That is a property of those chains rather than a gap in resolution.

Countries

top 10 of 50

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10 countries

Country concentration among located validators

#	Country	Validators	Share
1 (1st)	US	6,409	27.0%
2 (2nd)	DE	5,979	25.2%
3 (3rd)	NL	4,889	20.6%
4	JP	1,513	6.4%
5	LT	1,328	5.6%
6	SG	1,067	4.5%
7	GB	674	2.8%
8	IE	669	2.8%
9	FR	445	1.9%
10	FI	132	0.6%

Hosting networks

top 10 of 250

Concentration here is the interesting figure. A validator set spread across many countries but hosted by three companies is centralised in the way that matters for correlated failure.

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10 networks

Network concentration among located validators

#	Network	Validators	Share
1 (1st)	TeraSwitch Networks Inc.	11,017	46.5%
2 (2nd)	UAB Cherry Servers	5,475	23.1%
3 (3rd)	Latitude.sh	1,082	4.6%
4	Google LLC	768	3.2%
5	HOSTKEY B.V.	493	2.1%
6	Limestone Networks, Inc.	435	1.8%
7	Allnodes Inc	398	1.7%
8	Amazon.com, Inc.	357	1.5%
9	Free SAS	324	1.4%
10	OVH SAS	271	1.1%

IP geolocation by DB-IP (https://db-ip.com), CC-BY 4.0