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Network

Network map

Where each chain's infrastructure is routed. A map of hosting, not of people: every point is an approximate location for an IP address, which is almost always a datacentre. Two kinds of point — validators where the chain publishes an address per identity, and peer-to-peer nodes where it does not.

Located

241

peer-to-peer nodes with a resolved address

Countries

30

distinct countries

Networks

79

distinct hosting networks

Unresolved

0

advertised an address we could not locate

241 of 241 located points

Each point is the approximate location of a network address, usually its hosting provider's datacentre. It is not the location of an operator, and an address that could not be resolved is absent rather than placed at a country centroid. Two kinds of point. A validator point is keyed by validator identity and exists only where the chain publishes an address per validator, which of these three only Solana does. A node point is a member of the peer-to-peer network, met by walking that network's own discovery protocol; it says where the network is hosted and nothing about who operates it or what it validates. A node count is what a bounded walk met, not the size of the network — discovery has no completion condition.

902,769 indexed validators publish no network address through any source measured here, so they cannot appear on this map at all. That is a property of those chains rather than a gap in resolution.

Countries

top 10 of 30

10 countries

Country concentration among located validators
#CountryValidatorsShare
10CA62.5%
2 (2nd)DE3916.2%
5FI125.0%
4FR135.4%
6GB104.1%
7KR83.3%
9NL72.9%
8PL83.3%
3 (3rd)SG156.2%
1 (1st)US8535.3%

Hosting networks

top 10 of 79

Concentration here is the interesting figure. A validator set spread across many countries but hosted by three companies is centralised in the way that matters for correlated failure.

10 networks

Network concentration among located validators
#NetworkValidatorsShare
1 (1st)Amazon.com, Inc.5020.7%
2 (2nd)Hetzner Online GmbH3514.5%
3 (3rd)OVH SAS3012.4%
4UAB "Atlantis Capital"114.6%
5Google LLC62.5%
6Latitude.sh62.5%
7AT&T Enterprises, LLC41.7%
8Comcast Cable Communications, LLC41.7%
9UAB Cherry Servers41.7%
10DigitalOcean, LLC31.2%

IP geolocation by DB-IP (https://db-ip.com), CC-BY 4.0